Abstract The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) subspecies exhibit local adaptive traits that evolved in response to the different environments that characterize their native distribution ranges. An important trait is the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile. which helps to prevent desiccation and mediate communication. We compared the CHC profiles of six European subspecies (A. https://poolsproductscanadas.shop/product-category/eti-400-parts/